Freedom of Speech and National Pride: Flag Desecration in the United States

Authors

  • Zhiqiu Zhang School of Humanities and Social Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54097/f0v2z189

Keywords:

Flag Desecration, First Amendment, Constitutional Law, Freedom of Speech, Symbolic Speech

Abstract

This paper examines the constitutional protection of flag desecration under the First Amendment in the United States. Through an analysis of a series of landmark Supreme Court cases, the author explores both arguments against and in favor of protecting flag desecration as a form of symbolic speech. The paper evaluates the uniqueness of the national flag as a symbol, the government’s interest in preserving national pride, and the principles of free expression. Ultimately, it concludes that flag desecration is protected under the First Amendment, despite ongoing public and legislative opposition, highlighting the tension between national symbolism and constitutional rights.

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References

[1] T. Marshall, “A flag worth dying for: The power and politics of national symbols”, Simon and Schuster, 2017, Vol. 2

[2] J. Granahan, “Decisions we do not like: Flag desecration case law and the culture war”, Brandeis University Law Journal, 2024, Vol. 11

[3] D. A. Fishman, “The flag burning controversy and the Sui Generis argument”, New Jersey Journal of Communication, 2001, Vol. 9 (1), p45–62

[4] G. R. Stone, “Flag burning and the Constitution”, Iowa Law Review, 1990, Vol. 75, p111–124

[5] R. J. Goldstein, “Burning the flag: The great 1989–1990 American flag desecration controversy”, The Kent State University Press, 1996

[6] M. A. Young, “Flag desecration: constitutionally protected activity”, University of San Francisco Law Review, 1972, Vol. 7 (1), p149–162

[7] M. A. Henderson, “Today’s symbolic speech dilemma: flag desecration and the proposed constitutional amendment”, South Dakota Law Review, 1996, Vol. 41 (3), p533–573

[8] G. Marinthe, B. Testé and R. Kamiejski, “Don’t burn our flag: patriotism, perceived threat, and the impact of desecrating a national symbol on intergroup attitudes”, Current Psychology, 2023, Vol. 42, p3780–3793

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Published

07-03-2026

How to Cite

Zhang, Z. (2026). Freedom of Speech and National Pride: Flag Desecration in the United States. Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences, 63, 175-179. https://doi.org/10.54097/f0v2z189